1 00:00:00,900 --> 00:00:03,100 Hello, the Peace of the Lord Jesus! 2 00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:08,000 As it could not be otherwise, the first class of our Online Bible Course 3 00:00:08,100 --> 00:00:10,100 will be about the Bible. 4 00:00:10,200 --> 00:00:13,300 After all, the Bible is our study tool 5 00:00:13,400 --> 00:00:17,900 through which we learn more and more about what the Lord our God has left to us. 6 00:00:18,000 --> 00:00:23,400 So the first thing we are going to do here is to learn about the structure of the Scriptures. 7 00:00:23,500 --> 00:00:28,200 In this first class we will learn a little about the structure of the Old Testament 8 00:00:28,300 --> 00:00:29,500 and how it works. 9 00:00:29,600 --> 00:00:34,600 Initially, let's talk about the first five books of the Bible. 10 00:00:34,700 --> 00:00:40,300 You are seeing here [on the whiteboard]: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. 11 00:00:40,400 --> 00:00:46,700 These first five books collectively form what is known as "Torah". 12 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:50,200 The Hebrew word "Torah" means "the Law", “instruction”. 13 00:00:50,300 --> 00:00:52,300 In the Gospels, the Torah is referred to as "the Law". 14 00:00:52,400 --> 00:00:56,600 Furthermore, in Western theology, 15 00:00:56,700 --> 00:01:02,100 because of its Greek influence, it is called "Pentateuch". 16 00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:03,400 What does Pentateuch mean? 17 00:01:03,500 --> 00:01:07,500 "Penta" means "five" and "teuch" means "rolls", 18 00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:10,900 that is, “five rolls of books”, okay?! 19 00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:14,500 However, the first five books of the Bible will be better called "Torah", 20 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:19,700 because it better represents the origin of the books, since it was [originally] written in Hebrew. 21 00:01:19,800 --> 00:01:26,200 In the Gospels, the Torah is referred to as "the Law" 22 00:01:26,300 --> 00:01:29,100 These first five books are very rich, 23 00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:33,400 they are the foundation for the entire structure of the rest of the Writings, 24 00:01:33,500 --> 00:01:34,900 which also includes the New Testament. 25 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:42,500 For example, [the Torah] serves to explain to our children how God created everything. 26 00:01:42,600 --> 00:01:47,800 After all, it is there in Genesis that we read: "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth". 27 00:01:47,900 --> 00:01:53,800 So these books are fundamental to understanding everything about Scripture. 28 00:01:53,900 --> 00:02:00,800 The second group consists of 12 books. 29 00:02:00,900 --> 00:02:04,800 In Western theology they are called "Historical" books. 30 00:02:04,900 --> 00:02:06,800 Why am I referring to “Western” theology? 31 00:02:06,900 --> 00:02:15,100 Because soon I will explain how they were differently organized by the Hebrews. 32 00:02:15,400 --> 00:02:18,600 So, this is the Pentateuch (or Torah). 33 00:02:19,500 --> 00:02:22,300 Here we have the 12 books known as "Historical" books, 34 00:02:22,400 --> 00:02:27,200 however, these 12 books were not originally 12 books, okay?! 35 00:02:27,300 --> 00:02:32,900 We have here, first, Joshua, Judges, then we will have the book of Ruth, 36 00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:38,200 Samuel (First Samuel and Second Samuel), you can see here that I "connected" [some of the books]. 37 00:02:38,300 --> 00:02:39,700 Why did I make this connection? 38 00:02:39,800 --> 00:02:44,000 Because Samuel is [originally] one book, however, it is a very long book, 39 00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:52,100 so it was divided into two rolls, making it easier for the scribes to copy these rolls. 40 00:02:52,200 --> 00:02:56,400 There is a very profound work of scribes when it comes to making copies. 41 00:02:56,500 --> 00:03:01,500 They were copyists, that is, today we have printers to make several copies, 42 00:03:01,600 --> 00:03:03,900 but not in the past, so this was manual work. 43 00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:10,100 And, out of zeal, if they made many mistakes in their manuscripts [copies] they would throw that manuscript away, burn it, 44 00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:15,900 so that there was no possibility that someone could find this manuscript with something written wrong 45 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:17,900 and end up confusing the Law of God. 46 00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:22,200 Then imagine how hard it was for them to copy the entire Book of Samuel. 47 00:03:22,300 --> 00:03:24,800 So it was divided into two parts, okay?! 48 00:03:24,900 --> 00:03:27,300 The same happened with the Book of Kings. 49 00:03:27,400 --> 00:03:32,600 It is one Book of Kings, however, today we have the First and the Second Book of Kings. 50 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:35,800 Here [on the whiteboard] you can also see that they are connected 51 00:03:35,900 --> 00:03:40,200 You can also see a connection here in the Book of Chronicles, it is actually one book, 52 00:03:40,300 --> 00:03:44,400 however, it was divided into First and Second Chronicles. 53 00:03:44,500 --> 00:04:18,300 [explanation regarding the correct use of the grammatical genre when applying ordinal numerals (such as "first" and "second") in Portuguese, not applicable or relevant in English.] 54 00:04:19,400 --> 00:04:25,300 Ezra and Nehemiah are also connected as they are one book of Ezra and Nehemiah. 55 00:04:25,400 --> 00:04:31,900 And finally, the Book of Esther is the last book in the group of the twelve Historical books that we have today, 56 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:34,600 those that are written in red on the whiteboard. 57 00:04:34,700 --> 00:04:39,100 You can also open your Bible index to follow our study. 58 00:04:39,500 --> 00:04:44,600 Here you can see a sequence of five other books, known as "Poetic" books. 59 00:04:44,700 --> 00:04:48,800 "Poetic" or "Sapiential" [books]. They are books of wisdom. 60 00:04:49,600 --> 00:04:51,800 So this group starts with a beautiful book, 61 00:04:51,900 --> 00:04:57,700 considered by some to be the greatest work ever written individually: the Book of Job. 62 00:04:57,800 --> 00:04:59,300 Then we have Psalms. 63 00:05:00,300 --> 00:05:02,800 Most of the psalms are attributed to David, but not all, 64 00:05:02,900 --> 00:05:07,900 some were written by Moses, Asaph, and others who contributed to this book. 65 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:13,300 Proverbs (by Solomon), Ecclesiastes and Song of Solomon. 66 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:19,400 These three are the books that close this group of five books, known as "Poetic" or "Sapiential" books. 67 00:05:20,100 --> 00:05:25,300 Here we are going to have another five books called "major" Prophets. 68 00:05:25,400 --> 00:05:30,700 These are the five books called "major" prophets in Western theology. 69 00:05:30,800 --> 00:05:36,300 This will be perfectly understood when we explain the Hebrew division of the Old Testament. 70 00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:43,700 Thus, there are Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations (by Jeremiah), Ezekiel and Daniel. 71 00:05:43,800 --> 00:05:48,600 These are the five books called "major" prophets in Western theology. 72 00:05:48,700 --> 00:05:53,700 You might think: "If there are 'major' prophets, then there must be a group of 'minor' prophets". 73 00:05:53,800 --> 00:05:57,600 Yes, there is also a [book] roll known as “the Twelve”. 74 00:05:57,700 --> 00:06:04,300 These "Twelve" are called "minor" prophets, which are: Hosea, Joel, 75 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:08,700 Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, 76 00:06:08,800 --> 00:06:10,500 Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi. 77 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:18,600 These twelve formed a book, "the Twelve", and are called "minor" Prophets in Western theology. 78 00:06:18,700 --> 00:06:20,100 So, [the division of the Old Testament] would look like this: 79 00:06:20,200 --> 00:06:25,000 we have here, on my right, "the Law", 80 00:06:25,200 --> 00:06:26,500 then the “Historical” books, 81 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:30,700 the “Poetic” books, which are “Sapiential”, of wisdom, 82 00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:33,100 "major" prophets and "minor" prophets. 83 00:06:33,200 --> 00:06:36,400 That is, all of these books here ["major" and "minor" prophets] are Prophetic books. 84 00:06:36,500 --> 00:06:42,200 So we end the understanding [of the organization of the Scriptures] in theology, which you may study in a seminary, 85 00:06:42,300 --> 00:06:44,500 This is the division that will be taught. 86 00:06:44,600 --> 00:06:50,300 There are also seven books that are included in the Catholic Bible, 87 00:06:50,400 --> 00:06:55,800 but that are not included in the Protestant Bible. 88 00:06:56,100 --> 00:07:01,700 Part of these seven books were in the Septuagint. 89 00:07:01,800 --> 00:07:02,800 What is Septuagint? 90 00:07:02,900 --> 00:07:11,700 It is the Greek translation of the Old Testament by 70, or 72, Jewish rabbis. 91 00:07:11,800 --> 00:07:14,900 They translated [into Greek] the Old Testament [originally] written in Hebrew, 92 00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:18,600 in fact, some portions were [originally written] in Aramaic. 93 00:07:18,700 --> 00:07:25,000 Like some portions of Ezra, in chapter 4, 7 and 12. 94 00:07:25,100 --> 00:07:30,900 A portion of Daniel chapter 2 was also in Aramaic. 95 00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:36,100 And there is also a portion of the Book of Jeremiah, in chapter 10, written in Aramaic. 96 00:07:36,700 --> 00:07:40,500 But in general, the Old Testament was [originally] written in Hebrew, 97 00:07:40,600 --> 00:07:47,000 these Jewish sages took the entire Old Testament in Hebrew and translated it [into Greek], 98 00:07:47,100 --> 00:07:48,600 so we have the Septuagint. 99 00:07:48,700 --> 00:07:58,300 In the Septuagint there are some of the writings that are in the Catholic Bible, among the seven books that are [only] there. 100 00:07:58,400 --> 00:08:09,000 Based on all the analysis I did, the First Book of the Maccabees is very useful. 101 00:08:10,300 --> 00:08:14,700 It is useful mainly to understand a little better the Book of Daniel, a Prophetic book. 102 00:08:14,800 --> 00:08:21,500 The negative reviews I read about [the First Book of the Maccabees] did not convince me, and I think it is a very important book. 103 00:08:23,000 --> 00:08:28,500 Now let's talk about the Hebrew division of the Old Testament. 104 00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:35,100 You can see [on the whiteboard] that I put some orange and red dots next to some of the books. 105 00:08:35,200 --> 00:08:37,200 All of these [marked books] are grouped differently. 106 00:08:38,200 --> 00:08:43,700 In the organization of the Hebrew version of the Old Testament, “the Law” (Torah) remains these first five books: 107 00:08:44,400 --> 00:08:48,800 Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. 108 00:08:48,900 --> 00:08:57,200 But we will see a different division when it comes to what we are going to see Jesus talking about. 109 00:08:57,300 --> 00:09:00,200 When Jesus speaks in Luke 24:44 110 00:09:00,300 --> 00:09:03,700 (Let me get my Bible) 111 00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:15,000 Luke 24:44: “Jesus said to them, 'These are the words that I spoke to you while I was still with you: 112 00:09:15,100 --> 00:09:25,400 Everything must be fulfilled that is written about Me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms'”. 113 00:09:25,700 --> 00:09:29,100 So we're going to see what this division looks like. 114 00:09:29,300 --> 00:09:36,700 Well, for Jews there is an acronym called "Tanakh". 115 00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:50,600 [The Tanakh is divided into three sections:] first section is the Torah, (the Law), 116 00:09:50,800 --> 00:10:02,600 then the second section is Nevi'im (the prophets), 117 00:10:03,400 --> 00:10:14,000 and the third section is Ketuvim, which are the Writings. 118 00:10:17,100 --> 00:10:21,500 So I'm going to do something here to make it easier: 119 00:10:21,600 --> 00:10:24,700 when it’s Ketuvim I’ll put a red dot next to the book. 120 00:10:24,800 --> 00:10:26,600 (I do not know if this will appear in the video) 121 00:10:26,700 --> 00:10:30,300 But for the prophets [Nevi'im] I’m going to put an orange dot, ok?! 122 00:10:30,400 --> 00:10:36,400 So let's go find out which are Ketuvim and which are Nevi'im, that is, what is a prophet and what is Writing. 123 00:10:36,500 --> 00:10:45,200 First, let's check out the Prophets, those who are considered prophets in the Hebrew Bible. 124 00:10:45,300 --> 00:10:50,100 Incredible as it may seem, Joshua is considered a prophet, and so is Judges. 125 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:55,800 We also have the Book of Samuel, remembering that it is originally one book, 126 00:10:55,900 --> 00:10:59,900 the Book of Kings, which is one book. 127 00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:10,900 We have here, in this column, the others considered prophets, which are Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, 128 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:19,800 and all "the Twelve" are also called prophets in the Hebrew Bible. 129 00:11:19,900 --> 00:11:25,500 We already know that "The Law" consists of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. 130 00:11:25,600 --> 00:11:28,900 And the Prophets are the ones I have already mentioned. 131 00:11:32,500 --> 00:11:35,500 It is a little different from our division, right?! 132 00:11:35,700 --> 00:11:39,700 This, which is being taught now, of course, is not for beginners, 133 00:11:39,800 --> 00:11:46,300 it is for you who are already studying deeply to understand what Jesus meant in Luke 24:44. 134 00:11:46,400 --> 00:11:50,200 The remaining books, such as: Ruth. 135 00:11:51,500 --> 00:11:58,100 (the red here is not very good, I will circle them in blue to make it more distinguishable) 136 00:11:58,200 --> 00:12:10,900 So, Ruth, the Book of Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther: these are called “Writings” [Ketuvim]. 137 00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:19,900 The others that are part of the Writings [Ketuvim] are these: the ones we call Poetic books. 138 00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:25,500 And incredible as it may seem, Lamentations is part of the Hebrew Writings [Ketuvim], 139 00:12:25,600 --> 00:12:31,600 and they do not consider Daniel a prophetic book, 140 00:12:31,700 --> 00:12:38,600 although it contains several prophecies, it is inserted in the group of Writings [Ketuvim]. 141 00:12:38,700 --> 00:12:44,900 So here we saw the division between the Law, the Prophets and the Writings 142 00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:57,000 in which we see Jesus, in Luke 24:44, citing the whole Tanakh as divine inspiration. 143 00:12:57,100 --> 00:13:08,000 Jesus said something important: the Law talks about him, the Prophets talk about him, and the Psalms (the Writings), talk about him. 144 00:13:08,100 --> 00:13:10,200 Everything in the Bible talks about him. 145 00:13:10,300 --> 00:13:13,300 We are starting to talk about Scriptures yet. 146 00:13:13,400 --> 00:13:21,700 The Holy Bible starts with a foundation, this foundation comes from the Law, which is all of these here [Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy]. 147 00:13:22,400 --> 00:13:31,200 Which is an important foundation for all types of teaching, there are literal truths, and especially spiritual ones, 148 00:13:31,300 --> 00:13:37,900 which are applications that will be developed throughout the biblical content. 149 00:13:38,200 --> 00:13:40,100 I hope you liked it. 150 00:13:40,200 --> 00:13:47,200 These are all 39 Old Testament books. In the next class we will learn about the 27 books of the New Testament. 151 00:13:47,300 --> 00:13:58,300 May God bless you and I ask you to help us with your comment, with your prayer, 152 00:13:58,400 --> 00:14:05,400 or sharing this video with our brothers and sisters who are going to start [this study], because the purpose is precisely to bring people to Bible understanding. 153 00:14:05,500 --> 00:14:09,700 May God bless you, see you later.